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Publications
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Christopher Chyba
Journal Publications
Persistence of Thin Ice Regions in Europa’s Ice Crust (L. Buck, C.F. Chyba, M. Goulet, A. Smith and P.J. Thomas). 2002 Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 12-1-12-4.
Defining 'Life' (C. Cleland and C.F. Chyba). 2002 Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 32, 387-393.
Cometary delivery of biogenic elements to Europa (E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba). 2002 Icarus 157, 120-127.
Toward Biological Security (C.F. Chyba). May/June 2002 Foreign Affairs 81(3), 122-136. Reprinted in
R.D. Howard and R.L. Sawyer, eds., Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Understanding the New Security Environment (McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, Guilford Connecticut, 2002), pp. 174-184.
Europa as an Abode of Life (C.F. Chyba and C.B. Phillips). 2002. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 32, 47-68.
Letters: A unified definition of biosecurity (L.A. Meyerson, J.K. Reaser, and C.F. Chyba). 2002. Science 295, 44.
Biological Security after September 11th (C.F. Chyba). Fall-Winter 2002 Stanford Journal of International Relations, 3(2), 12-15.
Editorial: Biological security in a changed world (C.F. Chyba). 2001. Science 293, 2349.
Perspectives/Planetary science: Life without photosynthesis. (C.F. Chyba and K.P. Hand). 2001. Science 292, 2026-2027.
Possible ecosystems and the search for life on Europa (C.F. Chyba and C.B. Phillips). 2001. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98, 801-804.
Seismic detectability of a subsurface ocean on Europa (R.L. Kovach and C.F. Chyba). 2001. Icarus 150, 279-287.
Biological terrorism and public health (C.F. Chyba). 2001. Survival 43, 93-106.
Letters: Building biodefenses (C.F. Chyba). May/June 2001 Foreign Affairs 80(3), 152.
Correction: Energy for microbial life on Europa (C.F. Chyba). 2000. Nature 406, 368.
Energy for microbial life on Europa (C.F. Chyba),. 2000. Nature 403, 381-382.
Racemization of meteoritic amino acids (B. Cohen and C.F. Chyba). 2000. Icarus, 145, 272-281.
Amino acid survival in large cometary impacts (E. Pierazzo and C.F. Chyba). 1999. Meteoritics and Planetary Science 32, 909-918.
Book review: An exobiologist’s life search. (C.F. Chyba), 1999. Nature 401, 857-858.
Radar detectability of a subsurface ocean on Europa (C.F. Chyba, S.J. Ostro, B.C. Edwards). 1998. Icarus 134, 292-302.
Monitoring the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: Possible ambiguities due to meteorite impacts (C.F. Chyba, G.E. van der Vink and C.B. Hennet). 1998. Geophysical Research Letters 25, 191-194.
Organic shielding of greenhouse gases on early Earth (S.L. Miller, J.R. Lyons and C.F. Chyba). 1998. Science 278, p.779a.
News and Views/Origins of life: Buried beginnings (C.F. Chyba). 1998. Nature 395, 329-330.
The early faint Sun paradox: organic shielding of ultraviolet-labile greenhouse gases (C. Sagan and C.
Chyba). 1997. Science 276, 1217-1221.
News and Views/Origins of life: A left-handed solar system? (C.F. Chyba). 1997. Nature 389, 234-235.
News and Views/Exobiology: Life on other moons (C.F. Chyba). 1997. Nature 385, 201.
Carl Sagan (1934-1996) (C.F. Chyba). 1997. EOS Trans. 78(16), 167.
William Reid Thompson, 1952-1996 (C.F. Chyba). 1997. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 29, 1492-1493.
News and Views/Exobiology: Life beyond Mars (C.F. Chyba). 1996. Nature 382, 576-577.
The origin of life in the Solar System: current issues (C.F. Chyba and G.W. McDonald). 1995. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 24, 215-249. Reprinted in Origins of Planets and Life (ed. J. Melosh), pp. 265-299, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, 1997.
Comets in other planetary systems? (C.F. Chyba). 1995. Advances in Space Research 15(3): 45-48.
Book review (C.F. Chyba). 1994. Environmental Evolution: Effects of the Origin and Evolution of Life on Planet Earth. (eds. L. Margulis and L. Olendzenski), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Icarus 109, 219-220.
Explosions of small Spacewatch objects in the Earth's atmosphere (C.F. Chyba). 1993. Nature 363, 701-703.
The 1908 Tunguska explosion: atmospheric disruption of a stony asteroid (C.F. Chyba, P.J. Thomas, and K.J. Zahnle). 1993. Nature 361, 40-44.
The violent environment of the origins of life: progress and uncertainties (C.F. Chyba). 1993. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, 3351-3358.
Production and optical constants of ice tholin from charged particle irradiation of (1:6) C2H6/H2O at 77 K (B.N. Khare, W.R. Thompson, L. Cheng, C. Chyba, C. Sagan, E.T. Arakawa, C. Meisse, and P.S. Tuminello.) 1993. Icarus 103, 290-300.
Endogenous production, exogenous delivery and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules: aninventory for the origins of life (C. Chyba and C. Sagan). 1992. Nature 355, 125-132. Reprinted in Origins of Life: The Central Concepts (eds. D.W. Deamer and G.R. Fleischaker), 123-130, Jones and Bartlett, Boston (1994).
Terrestrial mantle siderophiles and the lunar impact record (C.F. Chyba). 1991. Icarus 92, 217-233.
Electrical energy sources for organic synthesis on the early Earth (C. Chyba and C. Sagan). 1991. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 21, 3-17.
Cometary delivery of organic molecules to the early Earth (C.F. Chyba, P.J. Thomas, L. Brookshaw, and C. Sagan). 1990. Science 249, 366-373. Reprinted in Origins of Life: The Central Concepts (eds. D.W. Deamer and G.R. Fleischaker), 213-220, Jones and Bartlett, Boston (1994).
Triton's streaks as windblown dust (C. Sagan and C. Chyba). 1990. Nature 346, 546-548.
Impact delivery and erosion of planetary oceans in the early solar system (C.F. Chyba). 1990. Nature 343, 129-133.
News and Views/Meteoritics: Extraterrestrial amino acids and terrestrial life (C.F. Chyba). 1990. Nature
348, 113-114. Reprinted in D.B. Cline, ed., Physical Origin of Homochirality in Life (American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, 1996), pp. 3-4.
Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging science results (B.A. Smith et al.). 1989. Science 246, 1422-1449.
Orbital evolution in the Neptune-Triton system (C.F. Chyba, D.G. Jankowski, and P.D. Nicholson). 1989. Astronomy and Astrophysics 219, L23-L26.
The heliocentric evolution of infrared cometary spectra: results from an organic grain model (C.F. Chyba, C. Sagan, and M.J. Mumma). 1989. Icarus 79, 362-381.
Solid organic residues produced by irradiation of hydrocarbon-containing H2O and H2O/NH3 ices: infrared spectroscopy and astronomical implications (B.N. Khare, W.R. Thompson, B.G.J.P.T. Murray, C.F. Chyba, C. Sagan, and E.T. Arakawa). 1989. Icarus 79, 350-361.
On the obliquity and tidal heating of Triton (D.G. Jankowski, C.F. Chyba, and P.D. Nicholson). 1989. Icarus 80, 211-219.
Organic cometary matter still a contentious issue (C. Chyba and C. Sagan). 1988. Nature 332, 592.
The cometary contribution to the oceans of primitive Earth (C.F. Chyba). 1987. Nature 330, 632-635.
Infrared emission by organic grains in the coma of comet Halley (C. Chyba and C. Sagan). 1987. Nature 330, 350-353.
Cometary organics but no evidence for bacteria (C. Chyba and C. Sagan). 1987. Nature 329, 208.
Kaluza-Klein unified field theory and apparent four-dimensional spacetime (C.F. Chyba). 1985. American Journal of Physics 53, 863-872.
Time-dependent embeddings for Schwarzschild-like solutions to the gravitational field equations (C.F. Chyba). 1982. Journal of Mathematical Physics 23, 1662-1667.
U.S. military-support equipment sales to the People's Republic of China (C.F. Chyba). 1981. Asian Survey 21, 469-484.
The effect of coolant loss on current leads for superconducting magnets (C. Chyba, L.G. Hyman, and L. Roberts). 1981. Cryogenics 21, 615-618.
Testimony, Op- Eds
Russia's Poison Gases (C.F. Chyba). 2002. The New York Times, October 30, 2002, Op-Ed.
Treating terrorism: The bioweapons threat (C.F. Chyba). 2001. San Jose Mercury News, October 21, 2001, pp. 1C, 4C.
Microbe warfare hides the enemy (C.F. Chyba). 2001. The New York Times, August 10, 2001, Op-Ed.
Testimony of Christopher F. Chyba for the Hearing before the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics, Committee on Science, House of Representatives, 107th Congress, 1st session, July 12, 2001, Serial No. 107-17.
Responding to bioterrorism (C.F. Chyba). 2001. San Jose Mercury News, June 24, 2001, p.5C.
Edited books, monographs, theses
WMD Threats and Cross-Cutting Nonproliferation Challenges: Time for Creative Policy. Growing dangers posed by non-state actor acquisition and use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons. (C.F. Chyba). Monterey Non-Proliferation Strategy Group, Monterey, CA, November 2003
The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: Next steps. (C.F. Chyba, T. Graham, et al.). Roundtable Discussion, Stanford University July 19, 2000. Lawyers Alliance for World Security, 78pp.
Biological Terrorism, Emerging Diseases, and National Security (C.F. Chyba). 1998. Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Inc., New York, 28pp, http://www.rbf.org/Chyba_Bioterrorism.pdf.
Comets and the Origins and Evolution of Life (eds. P.J. Thomas, C.F. Chyba, and C.P. McKay). Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997, 296pp.
National Security Science and Technology Strategy. (Primary drafter for Chapter 3: "Meeting the Challenge of Global Threats", pp. 42-57.) National Science and Technology Council, The White House, 1995.
Extraterrestrial organic molecules, the heavy bombardment, and the terrestrial origins of life (C.F. Chyba). 1991. Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University.
Determining the role of consciousness in quantum measurement: indistinguishability, uncertainty, and the reduced density matrix formalism (C.F. Chyba). 1985. M.Phil. thesis, Cambridge University.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen gedankenexperiment and schemes for "superluminal" communication (C.F. Chyba). 1983. Yeats and Rouse Ball Mathematics Prize Essay, Trinity College, Cambridge.
Book Chapters
Prospects for Life on Europa (K.P. Hand and C.F. Chyba). Frontiers of Life (The Gioi Publishers, Vietnam, 2003), L.M. Celnikier and J. Tran Thanh Van, eds., pp. 167-171.
Europa (C.F. Chyba and C.B. Phillips). In Planets and Life: The Emerging Science of Astrobiology, eds. W. Sullivan and J. Baross (Cambridge U. Press, Cambridge), to be published.
Does ‘Life’ Have a Definitiion? (C.E. Cleland and C.F. Chyba) In Planets and Life: The Emerging Science of Astrobiology, eds. W. Sullivan and J. Baross (Cambridge U. Press, Cambridge), to be published.
Geology of Europa (R. Greeley, C.F. Chyba, J.W. Head, T. McCord, W.B. McKinnon, and R.T. Pappalardo). In Jupiter: Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, ed. F. Bagenal, to be published.
The origin of life: Planetary environments (C.F. Chyba and G.D. McDonald). In Baltimore, D., Dulbecco, R., Jacob, F. and Levi-Montalcini, R., eds., Frontiers of Life, Volume 1: The Origins of Life (Academic Press, New York, 2002), pp. 139-151.
The search for extraterrestrial life: A core mission for NASA (C.F. Chyba). In Space Policy in the Twenty-First Century, ed. W.H. Lambright (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2002), pp. 198-231.
Europa: Prospects for an ocean and life (C.B. Phillips and C.F. Chyba). In First Steps in the Origin of Life in the Universe, eds. J. Chela-Flores et al. (Kluwer Acad. Pub., The Netherlands, 2001), pp. 27-34.
Habitable worlds (C.F. Chyba). In Cosmic Horizons: Astronomy at the Cutting Edge, eds. S. Soter and N. de Grasse Tyson (The New Press, New York, 2001), pp. 160-165.
Habitability of planets and the origin of life (C.F. Chyba, R.T. Reynolds and D.P. Whitmire). In Protostars and Planets IV. (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2000), pp. 1367-1395.
Chyba, C. F. and G. D. McDonald 1998. Gli ambienti planetari e l’origine della vita. Frontiere della Vita, vol. 1, Instituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Fondata da Giovanni Treccani.
Comet: Impacts on Earth (C.F. Chyba). In The Van Nostrand Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences and Astrogeology (eds. J.H. Shirley and R.W. Fairbridge), pp. 127—132 (Chapman & Hall, London, 1997).
Comets as a source of prebiotic organic molecules for the early Earth (C.F. Chyba and C. Sagan). In
Comets and the Origin and Evolution of Life (eds. P.J. Thomas, C.F. Chyba and C.P. McKay), pp. 147-173 (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997).
Introduction: Comets and the Origin of Life (P.J. Thomas, C.F. Chyba and C.P. McKay). In Comets andthe Origin and Evolution of Life (eds. P.J. Thomas, C.F. Chyba and C.P. McKay), pp. 1-2 (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997).
Catastrophic impacts and the Drake equation (C.F. Chyba). In Astronomical and Biochemical Origins and the Search for Life in the Universe (eds. C.B. Cosmovici, S. Bowyer and D. Werthimer), pp. 157-164 (Editrice Compositori, Bologna, 1997).
The Origin of Life in a Cosmic Context (C.F. Chyba). In Carl Sagan's Universe (eds. Y. Terzian and E. Bilson), pp. 64-74 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997).
Are comets necessary for a habitable zone? (C.F. Chyba). In Circumstellar Habitable Zones-Proceedings of the First International Conference (ed. L.R. Doyle), pp. 277-281 (Travis House Publications, Menlo Park, CA, 1996).
Impact delivery of volatiles and organic molecules to Earth. (C.F. Chyba, T.C. Owen, and W.-H. Ip). 1995. In Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids (ed. T. Gehrels) pp. 9-58, University of Arizona, Tucson.
Terrestrial accretion of prebiotic volatiles and organic molecules during the heavy bombardment (C.F. Chyba, C. Sagan, L. Brookshaw, and P.J. Thomas). 1991. In Bioastronomy: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life--The Exploration Broadens (eds. J. Heidmann and M.J. Klein), 149-154, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
The recombinant DNA debate and the precedent of Leo Szilard (C. Chyba). 1980. In Science and Ethical Responsibility (ed. S.A. Lakoff), 251-264, Addison-Wesley/Advanced Book Program, New York.
Selected Invited Lectures
Science in the New World Order/Disorder. National Association of Science Writers, Seattle, WA, February 12, 2004.
Nature of the Threat Internationally and Nationally. CSU San Marcos, Carlsbad, CA, January 27, 2004.
Infectious Diseases: Domestic and International Response Strategies. US Capitol Hill Briefing, Washington DC, November 2003.
What would be the elements of a more robust regime for containing the risks at the intersection of biotechnology and biological weapons? Science, Technology, and Security Meeting, MacArthur Foundation, Chicago, IL, November 2003.
Life in a Planetary Context: Habitable Worlds in our Solar System. ASGSB Meeting, Huntsville, AL, November 2003.
Dangerous Knowledge: Science, secrecy and security in the life sciences. IEEE Bioinformatics. Stanford University, August 12, 2003.
The Twenty-first Century Search for Extraterrestrial Life and Bioterrorism: Not Your Parents' Weapon of Mass Destruction. Diversa Corp. invited lectures, San Diego, CA, August 2003.
Prospects for extraterrestrial life: What we know, what we think we know, and what we’d like to know. Gordon Conference in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July-August 2003.
The war on bioterror: What local institutions are doing to help. Keynote address, World Affairs Council of Northern California, San Francisco, May 13, 2003.
The physics, chemistry, and possible biology of Europa’s ocean. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, April 23, 2003.
The comet/asteroid impact hazard, Department of Physics, Stanford University, April 22, 2003.
The 21st century search for extraterrestrial life. Bunyan Lecture, Stanford University, April 21, 2003.
Are intelligent beings out there? Are We Alone in the Universe? Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life, UCLA, April 4, 2003.
Biological security and nuclear security. Biomedical Ethics Grand Rounds, Stanford University, April 3, 2003.
The search for extraterrestrial life in the 21st century. Mathematics Department, Cambridge University, March 14, 2003.
Biological terrorism: New threats for a new century. The Morning Forum of Los Altos, March 4, 2003.
Biological terrorism and new proliferation challenges. Director’s Colloquium, Los Alamos National Laboratory, February 25, 2003.
Prospects for life in our Solar System and intelligent life elsewhere, Plenary, NASA Astrobiology Institute General Meeting, Tempe, AZ, February 10, 2003.
Europa: prospects for life and for the origin of life, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 2002.
Planetary Protection Considerations in Europa Exploration, 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly - The Second World Space Congress, Houston, TX, October 16, 2002.
A Vision for the Next 25 Years of Space Science, 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly - The Second World Space Congress, Houston, TX, October 16, 2002.
Planetary Protection: Two Relevant Terrestrial Examples, American Astronomical Society DPS 34th Meeting, Birmingham, AL, October 7, 2002.
The Comet/Asteroid Impact Hazard, Lockheed Martin ATC Fall Colloquium, Palo Alto, CA, October 3, 2002.
The Search for Life in the Solar System, "Bioastronomy 2002: Life Among the Stars", Hamilton Island, Australia, July 2002.
The Search for Life in the Solar System, Astrophysics of Life, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, May 2002.
Astrobiology in the solar system and beyond, President's Forum, American Society for Microbiology, Salt Lake City, May 22, 2002.
The Search for Life in the Solar System, Director's Distinguished Lecture Series (DDLS), Lawrence Livermore National Labs, Livermore, May 2002.
Europa as an Abode of Life. NASA Ames 2002 Astrobiology Science Conference, Moffett Field, April 2002.
Europa as an Abode of Life. NASA Ames 2002 "Contact" Conference: Is the cosmos rife with life?, Moffett Field, March 2002.
Life in Our Solar System and Beyond: Astrobiology in the 21st Century. American Astronomical Society, 199th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, January 2002.
Life in the Universe: Is it Just around the Corner? Silicon Valley Astronomy Lectures, Foothill College, October 2001.
Biological Terrorism and Infectious Disease Surveillance. Encino-Tarzana Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, July 2001.
Biological Terrorism. Going Global in the Information Age: The 55th Annual Conference at Asilomar, World Affairs Council, May 2001.
Extraterrestrial Life: Just Around the Corner? Maurice and Yetta Glicksman lecture, Brown University, May 2001.
Europa. Outer Limits of Life Seminar, Stanford University, May 2001.
Europa and the Rebirth of Exobiology. Geophysics Department, Stanford University, March 2001.
Space Flight in the New Millennium, Then and Now. AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Santa Barbara, California, February 2001.
Biological Terrorism, Emerging Diseases, and National Security. New Century Seminar, CISAC, Stanford University, November 2000.
Life possibilities on Europa. Fellows’ Science Day 2000, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, October 2000.
Europa and the rebirth of exobiology. National Academy of Sciences Japanese-American Frontiers of Science Symposium, Irvine, CA, September 2000.
Implications of the deep subsurface for life on other planets. The Subsurface Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges, 5TH RIDGE Theoretical Institute, The National Science Foundation, Big Sky, Montana, July 2000.
Europa and the rebirth of exobiology. David Schramm Memorial Lecture Series, Fermilab, May 2000.
Europa as a habitat for life. Earth and Space Sciences Colloquium, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, May 2000.
Europa and the rebirth of exobiology. Distinguished Leaders in the Life and Space Sciences, 1999-2000 Speaker Series, The National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, April 2000.
Search for life: The science and policy implications of exploring the Universe for the purpose of finding life. Space Policy in the 21st Century, Washington DC, March 2000.
The astrobiology of the origin of life, American Geophysical Union, December 1999.
Prospects for life elsewhere in the Solar System, Frontiers in Astrophysics lecture series, Hayden Planetarium, American Museum of Natural History, December 1999.
Origin and Development of Life, Swedish National Science Research Council, Sigtuna, Sweden, October 1999.
Comet and asteroid delivery of volatiles and organics: An update. Pardee Keynote Symposium, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, October 1999.
Europa and the rebirth of exobiology. Life in Extreme Environments Lecture Series, American Museum of Natural History, New York NY, October 1999.
The rebirth of exobiology. Origins and Evolution of Life in the Universe Seminar Series, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, April 1999.
Prospects for life elsewhere in the Solar System. Life in the Universe: Astrobiology in Action, Foothill College, Los Altos CA, April 1999.
Looking for an ocean on Europa and thinking about life. Astrobiology Seminar Series. University of Washington, Seattle, March 1999.
Planetary perspectives on life in the Solar System. Capital Science Lectures, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, January 1999.
The astronomy/biology connection: Prospects for life in the Solar System. American Astronomical Society Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas, January 1999.
The rebirth of exobiology. Presidents’ Circle, The National Academy of Science. Houston, Texas, November 1998.
The rebirth of exobiology. Banquet talk, 3oth Annual Meeting of the American Astronomical Society Division for Planetary Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, October 1998.
Habitability of Planets and the Origin of Life. Protostars and Planets IV, University of California, Santa Barbara, July 1998.
The Origins of Life in the Solar System. Pfizer/Independent College Fund of New York Science Lectureship, April 1998.
Europa and Beyond. Life in the Universe: The Emergence of Astrobiology, George Washington University, March 1998.
Outer Solar System environments and inner Solar System life. Department of Astronomy, The University of California, Berkeley, and The Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, March 1998.
The 2003 Europa Orbiter Mission. Presentation to the Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX), Space Studies Board, National Research Council, February 1998.
Looking for an ocean on Europa and wondering about life. Carnegie Institution of Washington, February 1998.
Looking for an ocean on Europa and thinking about life. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Ocean, and Planetary Sciences. November 1997.
Prospects for life on Europa. Geological Society of America, Salt Lake City, October 1997.
Could cometary or asteroidal microorganisms exist? Presentation to the National Academy Task Group on Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies, Washington DC, October 1997.
Interplanetary exchange of organic materials. Presentation to the National Academy Task Group on Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies, Washington DC, October 1997.
Comets and the organic origin of life in the Solar System. International Astronomical Union, 23rd General Assemby, Kyoto, Japan, August 1997.
Interplanetary exhange of organic materials: Session Chair. Gordon Research Conference: Origin of Life, New England College, Henniker, NH, July 1997.
Origin of life, here and elsewhere. Gordon Research Conference: Origins of Solar Systems, New England College, Henniker, NH, June 1997.